[Python] Drop support for pandas < 2.0.0

[raulcd]

Describe the enhancement requested

Pandas 2.0.0 was released on April 3rd 2023.
The last version of Pandas 1 was Pandas 1.5.3 and it was released on January 19th 2023. That version only supports Python 3.10 and 3.11.

We are currently supporting up to Pandas 1.3.4 which was released in 2021 and only provides wheels for Python 3.10 and earlier.

Should we bump support for Pandas >= 2?

Component(s)

Python

[raulcd]

Maybe I am being naive here but what are your thoughts on this?
cc @pitrou @AlenkaF @WillAyd @jorisvandenbossche

[WillAyd]

That seems reasonable to me

[pitrou]

Unfortunately, I couldn't easily find Pandas' supported versions on the Internet.

[pitrou]

The latest commits on the 1.5.x branch are from February 2023. It seems that Pandas 1.x is pining for the trees.

[pitrou]

@h-vetinari Do you have any opinions on this?

[h-vetinari]

I'm not following pandas development very closely, but I believe this to be fine. pandas 2 came out almost three years ago; it's not formally part of NEP29/SPEC0, but that should be more than enough

[jorisvandenbossche]

Slightly related issue that was opened last month -> #48473 (but we can keep that for the numpy part).

As mentioned there as well, I think we can definitely drop support for pandas 1.x