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✅ MASTER STRUCTURE FOR YOUR JAVA REFERENCE REPO
1. Java Fundamentals
1.1 Syntax & Basics
- Variables, Data Types
- Operators
- Input/Output
- Control Flow (if/else, loops, switch)
- Type Casting (implicit, explicit)
1.2 Key Concepts
- Pass-by-value in Java
- Immutability
- Wrapper Classes & Autoboxing/Unboxing
- String, StringBuilder, StringBuffer
README.md
2. OOP (Object-Oriented Programming)
2.1 Core OOP
- Classes & Objects
- Constructors
- this & super
- Encapsulation
2.2 Inheritance
-Types of inheritance
-Method Overriding
-final keyword
2.3 Polymorphism
-Compile-time polymorphism
-Runtime polymorphism
2.4 Abstraction
-Abstract classes
-Interfaces
-Multiple inheritance via interfaces
2.5 Object Class
-toString()
-equals()
-hashCode()
-clone()
3. Java Memory Model + JVM Internals
3.1 JVM Architecture
ClassLoader subsystem
Runtime Data Areas
Execution Engine
3.2 JMM (Java Memory Model)
Stack vs Heap
Method Area
Thread Stack behavior
Escape Analysis
TLAB
3.3 Garbage Collection
GC Types: Serial, Parallel, CMS, G1, ZGC
How GC works internally
GC Roots
Stop-the-world events
3.4 JIT & Performance
JIT compiler
Hotspot optimizations
4. Java Collections Framework
4.1 Core Interfaces
Collection
List
Set
Map
Queue/Deque
4.2 List Implementations
ArrayList
LinkedList
Vector/Stack
4.3 Set Implementations
HashSet
LinkedHashSet
TreeSet
4.4 Map Implementations
HashMap (with hashing demo)
LinkedHashMap
TreeMap
ConcurrentHashMap (advanced)
4.5 Queue/Deque
PriorityQueue
ArrayDeque
4.6 Under the Hood
Hashing
Load factors
Collisions (chaining, probing)
Fail-fast vs fail-safe iterators
5. Generics
Type parameters
Wildcards (? extends, ? super)
Bounded Types
Generic Methods
Type Erasure (under the hood)
6. Java 8+ Functional Programming
6.1 Lambda Expressions
6.2 Functional Interfaces
Predicate
Function
Consumer
Supplier
Custom functional interfaces
6.3 Streams
Stream operations
Intermediate vs Terminal ops
Collectors
Parallel Streams
6.4 Optional
7. Exception Handling
7.1 Basics
Exception hierarchy
Checked vs Unchecked
7.2 Best Practices
Custom exceptions
try-with-resources
Finally blocks
7.3 Under the Hood
Throwable internals
Stack traces
8. Multithreading + Concurrency
8.1 Basics
Thread class
Runnable
Executors
8.2 Concurrency Utilities
ExecutorService
Future, Callable
Thread pools
ScheduledExecutorService
8.3 Synchronization
Locks
synchronized
Volatile
Atomic classes
8.4 Advanced Concurrency
CountDownLatch
CyclicBarrier
Semaphore
Phaser
BlockingQueues
8.5 Fork/Join Framework
8.6 Under the Hood
Happens-before
Memory barriers
Thread lifecycle
9. File I/O & Serialization
9.1 Java I/O
Streams
Readers/Writers
9.2 NIO.2
Paths
Files
Channels
WatchService
9.3 Serialization
Serializable
Externalizable
SerialVersionUID
10. Java Networking
Sockets
ServerSocket
HTTP (basic)
URLConnection
11. Java Annotations
Built-in annotations
Custom annotations
Retention/Target policies
Annotation processing
12. Reflection & Dynamic Programming
Reflection basics
Accessing fields/methods
Creating objects dynamically
Method handles
Why reflection is slow
13. Design Patterns (Java-Focused)
13.1 Creational
Singleton (thread-safe)
Factory
Abstract Factory
Builder
Prototype
13.2 Structural
Adapter
Decorator
Facade
Composite
13.3 Behavioral
Strategy
Observer
Command
Template Method
14. Java Best Practices
Naming
Mutability
Defensive copying
ToString, equals, hashcode
Avoiding memory leaks
Effective Java principles
15. Advanced Topics
15.1 ClassLoaders
Parent delegation model
Custom class loaders
15.2 Modules (Java 9+)
module-info.java
Modular JARs
15.3 Records
Value-based classes
15.4 Sealed Classes
16. Build Tools
Maven
Gradle
How dependencies are resolved
Multi-module projects
17. Unit Testing
JUnit 5
Mockito
Testcontainers (optional but nice)
18. Java + Microservices (Optional Section)
Spring Boot basics
REST
Config
Filters, Interceptors
JPA
Hibernate internals